Mass multiplication of C Globosum for farm use against plant pathogens
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M Debbarma and P Dutta
Contd from previous issue
Procedure
· Inoculate the PDB with mycelial disc of 5 mm size cut out from 3-4 days old culture of C.globosum.
· Concentration of C.globosum should be 1 x 108cfu ml-1of water
· Incubate the inoculated flasks at 28+1oC for 7 days
· Count the spore concentration and colony forming unit (cfu) ml-1 of water after 7 and 14 days of inoculation
C.globosum formulated in the form of powder and pellets for the biological control of plant diseases is registered as Ketomium ®. Survival rate is better in the biopellets (77%) compared to that of the biopowder formulation (57%) following three years of storage. Development of Ketomium® formulations and their shelf-life formulations of mycofungicides have gradually developed since 1992, and mycofungicides have now been formulated into both pellet and powder preparations (Soytong and Soytong, 1997). The steps involved are:
1. Grow C.globosum on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for three weeks at room temperature (27-30oC).
2. Make a spore suspension and then add to alginate mixture and drop through a pipette into a solution of 0.1 M calcium gluconate.
3. Dry the pellets overnight before packaging. Grind the pellets to make biopowder before packaging.
4. Determine the viable spore populations by dilution plate assays before pellet formation, 24 h after, and every two months for a period of one year.
5. During this period store the pellets at room temperature (27-30o) in screw-capped jars.
6. To test viability, dissolve the pellets in water with a mixture of 8 x 102 (M)KH2PO4 for dilution plating assays.
7. Assess the viable spore populations of the biopowder formulation in the same way.
METHOD OF APPLICATION
Con-Blight is a biofungicide preparation containing spores and mycelial fragments of the naturally occurring antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium- globosum. It is available in liquid @ 1 x 109 ml-1) and powder @ 2 x 106 g-1) formulation. Therefore, it can be applied in following ways:
1. SEED/TUBER TREATMENT
· Con-Blight @ 3 l or 5 kg is to be mixed with the required quantity of water (infused with spreaders and stickers) sufficient enough for treating the potato tuber/seeds needed for planting one hectare area.
· Then the seeds/tubers can be treated either in a seed treater mechanically or by dipping in the seeds manually in Con-Blight solutions/slurry for 30 minutes before sowing.
· Seed treatment of bio-phos can be done by sticking solution (jaggary solution @ 125 g 1-1 water) on seeds.
· Sprinkle 30 g of inoculants in the seeds and mix thoroughly.
· Air dries the seeds in shade after treatment and then use for sowing.
2. Surface Drench/Soil Application
· Surface drench: Plough and surface drench the main field with Con-Blight (C.globosum) solution prepared by mixing Con-Blight @ 5 l or 10 kg in 500 l of water. Surface drenching of soil with Con-Blight can be done either before ploughing or at the time of last ploughing.
· Soil application: Alternatively, Con-Blight @ 5 1 or 10 kg ha-1 is to be mixed with 10 tons of organic fertilizer. The Con-Blight blended organic fertilizer is to be kept for 7 days for curing before applying in the soil.
· Dilution: 5 1 or 10 kg in 500 l of water for soil application. Products available: Ketomium®, Con- Blight PRECAUTION MEASURES
· Proper protective clothes, hand gloves and masks should be used while applying in the field.
CONCLUSION
C.globosum can adapt to harsh microclimate conditions in infested soils and have the ability to survive during dry periods and to colonize the organic substrates rapidly in the soils. C.globosum can be applied as a broad-spectrum mycofungicide in the field condition. It has been shown that this biological product can be applied to the field-soils infested with the test pathogens. However, further field trials and observations need to be carried out in order to establish a better integrated approach in using these fungal biocontrol agents. For field use, the effects of soil pH, content of organic matter, soil aeration, moisture and chemical residue plays and important role for effective results. In different soils however, the ecology and climate may possibly result in no or poor biological control. Thus, we need to establish the biological diversity of soil microorganisms, the ecology of microbial antago- nists, and the effects of che-mical residues in the soil.
School of Crop Protection, College of P.G.Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU(I) Umiam, Barapani, Meghalaya. For further details contact: -Public Relations & Media Management Cell, CAU, Imphal. Email: [email protected]
Contd from previous issue
Procedure
· Inoculate the PDB with mycelial disc of 5 mm size cut out from 3-4 days old culture of C.globosum.
· Concentration of C.globosum should be 1 x 108cfu ml-1of water
· Incubate the inoculated flasks at 28+1oC for 7 days
· Count the spore concentration and colony forming unit (cfu) ml-1 of water after 7 and 14 days of inoculation
C.globosum formulated in the form of powder and pellets for the biological control of plant diseases is registered as Ketomium ®. Survival rate is better in the biopellets (77%) compared to that of the biopowder formulation (57%) following three years of storage. Development of Ketomium® formulations and their shelf-life formulations of mycofungicides have gradually developed since 1992, and mycofungicides have now been formulated into both pellet and powder preparations (Soytong and Soytong, 1997). The steps involved are:
1. Grow C.globosum on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for three weeks at room temperature (27-30oC).
2. Make a spore suspension and then add to alginate mixture and drop through a pipette into a solution of 0.1 M calcium gluconate.
3. Dry the pellets overnight before packaging. Grind the pellets to make biopowder before packaging.
4. Determine the viable spore populations by dilution plate assays before pellet formation, 24 h after, and every two months for a period of one year.
5. During this period store the pellets at room temperature (27-30o) in screw-capped jars.
6. To test viability, dissolve the pellets in water with a mixture of 8 x 102 (M)KH2PO4 for dilution plating assays.
7. Assess the viable spore populations of the biopowder formulation in the same way.
METHOD OF APPLICATION
Con-Blight is a biofungicide preparation containing spores and mycelial fragments of the naturally occurring antagonistic fungus, Chaetomium- globosum. It is available in liquid @ 1 x 109 ml-1) and powder @ 2 x 106 g-1) formulation. Therefore, it can be applied in following ways:
1. SEED/TUBER TREATMENT
· Con-Blight @ 3 l or 5 kg is to be mixed with the required quantity of water (infused with spreaders and stickers) sufficient enough for treating the potato tuber/seeds needed for planting one hectare area.
· Then the seeds/tubers can be treated either in a seed treater mechanically or by dipping in the seeds manually in Con-Blight solutions/slurry for 30 minutes before sowing.
· Seed treatment of bio-phos can be done by sticking solution (jaggary solution @ 125 g 1-1 water) on seeds.
· Sprinkle 30 g of inoculants in the seeds and mix thoroughly.
· Air dries the seeds in shade after treatment and then use for sowing.
2. Surface Drench/Soil Application
· Surface drench: Plough and surface drench the main field with Con-Blight (C.globosum) solution prepared by mixing Con-Blight @ 5 l or 10 kg in 500 l of water. Surface drenching of soil with Con-Blight can be done either before ploughing or at the time of last ploughing.
· Soil application: Alternatively, Con-Blight @ 5 1 or 10 kg ha-1 is to be mixed with 10 tons of organic fertilizer. The Con-Blight blended organic fertilizer is to be kept for 7 days for curing before applying in the soil.
· Dilution: 5 1 or 10 kg in 500 l of water for soil application. Products available: Ketomium®, Con- Blight PRECAUTION MEASURES
· Proper protective clothes, hand gloves and masks should be used while applying in the field.
CONCLUSION
C.globosum can adapt to harsh microclimate conditions in infested soils and have the ability to survive during dry periods and to colonize the organic substrates rapidly in the soils. C.globosum can be applied as a broad-spectrum mycofungicide in the field condition. It has been shown that this biological product can be applied to the field-soils infested with the test pathogens. However, further field trials and observations need to be carried out in order to establish a better integrated approach in using these fungal biocontrol agents. For field use, the effects of soil pH, content of organic matter, soil aeration, moisture and chemical residue plays and important role for effective results. In different soils however, the ecology and climate may possibly result in no or poor biological control. Thus, we need to establish the biological diversity of soil microorganisms, the ecology of microbial antago- nists, and the effects of che-mical residues in the soil.
School of Crop Protection, College of P.G.Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU(I) Umiam, Barapani, Meghalaya. For further details contact: -Public Relations & Media Management Cell, CAU, Imphal. Email: [email protected]