State specific crop/animal species for higher productivity in NE
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Angad Prasad, Indira Sarangthem and Daya Ram
Contd from previous issue
Producers are also dependent on locally available food and food waste to feed the pigs. Individual piggeries tend to be small and prioritise fattening over breeding, leading to low productivity measures.
There is high demand for pork in the State. As the per capita consumption of pork is highest in Nagaland and availability of pork is less, therefore, there is ready made market for the same. The price of a two month old piglet ranges from Rs. 3,500-4,500 depending upon the place. Purchasing of piglets and adult animal is done directly from farms due to huge demand. The pig has the highest feed conversion efficiency except broilers i.e., they produce more live weight gain from a given weight of feed. Dressing percentage in pig meat is 65-80% and in NEH region, tribal people consume every part of pig except bone. The pig can utilise wide variety of feed stuffs viz., grains, forages, damaged feeds and garbage and convert them into valuable nutritious meat. Pig farming provides quick returns since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved within a period of 8-9 months. Pigs are highly prolific with shorter generation interval. This is the only food animal which is litter bearing. A female pig can be bred as early as 8-9 months of age and can farrow twice in a year. Average piglets weaned per sow per year are 22-26. Economically productive life of a pig is five to six year in which it can farrow eight to ten times.
Generally, a pig is sold @Rs. 15,000 – 20,000/- and its rearing cost is very less, which calls youth to adopt pig farming for their livelihood.
7.2 King chilli:
The Naga King Chilli (Capsicum Chinese Jacq) is one of the hottest chillies in the world. This chilli is native to the north eastern region of India and subsequently the geographical indication (GI) of goods tag for this chilli has been obtained by the Nagaland State Government.
The stage of maturity at which chillies are picked depends on the type and purpose for which they are grown. Flowering begins 40-60 DAT (Days after Transplanting). First harvesting is done at the green stage to stimulate further flush of flowering and fruit set. Chillies are harvested at red stage for canning purpose. Chillies used for drying are picked at fully ripened red stage and it takes another month for dry chillies. Thereafter ripe fruits are picked at intervals of 1-2 weeks and harvesting continues over a period of 3 months with 6-8 pickings depending on season, variety and cultural practices. Generally the yield of fresh green chillies to 3 to 4 times higher than that of dry chillies. 100 kg of fresh ripe fruits yields 25-30 kg dry chillies depending on the variety.
If, scientific package of practices is followed, we can get yield of king chilli as 10 – 15 q/ha dry pods – in rain fed conditions and 20 –25 q/ha dry pods in irrigated conditions. Chillies are perishable having 70-80% moisture content but for safe storage, moisture should 10%. The chillies are dried under the sun on cement floor for a period of 10- 15 days depending on weather conditions. Excessive delay in drying results in growth of microflora and subsequent loss in quality. Commercially it is dried it is dried at about 540C for 2 to 3 days. The dried fruits can be transported or stored in gunny bags. Chillies are sold in fresh condition soon after picking. Green chillies may be kept under good condition for about 40 days at 320F and 95% R.H. The dried chillies can be stored in dry places or warehouses or stores safely for 5 to 6 months or more when they are well protected from insect pests.
EXTENSION STRATEGIES TO CREATE AWARENESS AND ADOTPION OF JOB AVENUE AMONG THE RURAL YOUTH
As elaborated above, we should emphasize upon the various ways and means to attract rural youth for their adoption and making them as most remunerative avenue to their livelihood taking into consideration the only two major agricultural and animal husbandry entities having much demand in the north eastern region:
Ø Use of print & electronic media for periodic awareness:
(To be contd)
Contd from previous issue
Producers are also dependent on locally available food and food waste to feed the pigs. Individual piggeries tend to be small and prioritise fattening over breeding, leading to low productivity measures.
There is high demand for pork in the State. As the per capita consumption of pork is highest in Nagaland and availability of pork is less, therefore, there is ready made market for the same. The price of a two month old piglet ranges from Rs. 3,500-4,500 depending upon the place. Purchasing of piglets and adult animal is done directly from farms due to huge demand. The pig has the highest feed conversion efficiency except broilers i.e., they produce more live weight gain from a given weight of feed. Dressing percentage in pig meat is 65-80% and in NEH region, tribal people consume every part of pig except bone. The pig can utilise wide variety of feed stuffs viz., grains, forages, damaged feeds and garbage and convert them into valuable nutritious meat. Pig farming provides quick returns since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved within a period of 8-9 months. Pigs are highly prolific with shorter generation interval. This is the only food animal which is litter bearing. A female pig can be bred as early as 8-9 months of age and can farrow twice in a year. Average piglets weaned per sow per year are 22-26. Economically productive life of a pig is five to six year in which it can farrow eight to ten times.
Generally, a pig is sold @Rs. 15,000 – 20,000/- and its rearing cost is very less, which calls youth to adopt pig farming for their livelihood.
7.2 King chilli:
The Naga King Chilli (Capsicum Chinese Jacq) is one of the hottest chillies in the world. This chilli is native to the north eastern region of India and subsequently the geographical indication (GI) of goods tag for this chilli has been obtained by the Nagaland State Government.
The stage of maturity at which chillies are picked depends on the type and purpose for which they are grown. Flowering begins 40-60 DAT (Days after Transplanting). First harvesting is done at the green stage to stimulate further flush of flowering and fruit set. Chillies are harvested at red stage for canning purpose. Chillies used for drying are picked at fully ripened red stage and it takes another month for dry chillies. Thereafter ripe fruits are picked at intervals of 1-2 weeks and harvesting continues over a period of 3 months with 6-8 pickings depending on season, variety and cultural practices. Generally the yield of fresh green chillies to 3 to 4 times higher than that of dry chillies. 100 kg of fresh ripe fruits yields 25-30 kg dry chillies depending on the variety.
If, scientific package of practices is followed, we can get yield of king chilli as 10 – 15 q/ha dry pods – in rain fed conditions and 20 –25 q/ha dry pods in irrigated conditions. Chillies are perishable having 70-80% moisture content but for safe storage, moisture should 10%. The chillies are dried under the sun on cement floor for a period of 10- 15 days depending on weather conditions. Excessive delay in drying results in growth of microflora and subsequent loss in quality. Commercially it is dried it is dried at about 540C for 2 to 3 days. The dried fruits can be transported or stored in gunny bags. Chillies are sold in fresh condition soon after picking. Green chillies may be kept under good condition for about 40 days at 320F and 95% R.H. The dried chillies can be stored in dry places or warehouses or stores safely for 5 to 6 months or more when they are well protected from insect pests.
EXTENSION STRATEGIES TO CREATE AWARENESS AND ADOTPION OF JOB AVENUE AMONG THE RURAL YOUTH
As elaborated above, we should emphasize upon the various ways and means to attract rural youth for their adoption and making them as most remunerative avenue to their livelihood taking into consideration the only two major agricultural and animal husbandry entities having much demand in the north eastern region:
Ø Use of print & electronic media for periodic awareness:
(To be contd)